Add yeast to hot water and let sit for 5 minutes. It will start to get a little foamy.
Prep the rosemary by removing the leaves from 2-3 stems of fresh rosemary. Finely dice and set aside. Chop the garlic or measure out prechopped/minced garlic.
Measure out the flour by gently scooping and leveling. This is a method to lighten or aerate the flour See the blog post for more info on the method.
Add the chopped rosemary and garlic to the flour along with the salt and mix together well.
Once the yeast is foamy, pour the yeast/water mixture into a large bowl add the flour and mix. Begin to work the mixture into a sticky but firm ball of dough. I usually work it with my hands...but it's not kneading!
Cover with a damp cloth or plastic wrap and let sit for 1 hour. The dough will about double in size.
During the rise time, reheat the oven to 450°.
Lightly dust a flat dry surface and gently work the dough into a round loaf. Again, this isn't kneading.
Add a large sheet of parchment paper to the Dutch oven and place the dough inside. Score the top with a straight cut or an "X".
Cover with the lid and bake at 450°f for 30 minutes.
At 30 minutes, remove the lid and cook for another 5-10 minutes until the crust is golden brown if necessary.
Let cool before slicing.